Market Structure Research Proposal Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Market Structure - Research Proposal Example A detailed research plan has already been made so as to have blue print of what should and should not be done in the process of research. A detailed search for material has been made. Finally, I got all the material on the basis of which the paper is completed. Secondary data alone is used in the studies which are collected from electronic sources. The data collected are analyzed on the basis of required outcome of the research and only relevant data are written in the paper. No primary source such as market survey or product survey is made for the collection of data and analysis. The paper is prepared in such a manner that each question is followed by its answer so that it will be of immense help to the reader to easily understand the situation. A brief structure of the answer is given below: A perfect market is a situation where there are large number of buyers and sellers and all have free entry to and exit from the market. Firms in the perfect market are price takers. Profit is determined by the number of product marketed and the demand for the product. Monopoly is a market structure wherein one seller meets all the demands of the market. Since he is the only seller in the market, the price determined by him is the final price. However, in many cases the existence of monopoly is justified owing to reasons like natural monopoly, legal monopoly and acquired monopoly. But, if there is proper legislation in the country, the problem of monopoly can be reduced. An imperfect market is one which is not a perfect market. Monopoly, Monopolistic and oligopoly arte the examples of imperfect competition. Bibliography G Stigler, (1957)'Perfect Competition, Historically Contemplated', Journal of Political Economy, vol. LXV. Viewed 19 November, 2008, http://www.economyprofessor.com/economictheories/perfect-competition.php Yogesh Ambedkar, (2005). What does Market Monopoly mean Viewed 19 November, 2008, http://www.buzzle.com/editorials/1-13-2005-64198.asp Roderick Hill, (March 2006), The Overemphasis on Perfectly Competitive Markets in Microeconomics Principles Textbooks. Viewed 19 November, 2008, http://www.unbsj.ca/arts/economic/documents/Overemphasisonperfectlycompetitivemarkets.pdf Imperfect Competition notes: (n.d.) viewed 19 November, 2008, http://www.scribd.com/doc/4032087/-Imperfect-Competition-notes Lecture Outlines (n.d.), Monopolistic Competition and Oligopoly, viewed 19 November, 2008, http://www.humboldt.edu/sh2/econ200/e200notes_week11.htm Investopedia (2008), Perfect Competition, viewed 18 November, 2008, http://www.investopedia.com/terms/p/perfectcompetition.asp Perfect Competition (n.d.), Economy Watch, viewed 19 November, 2008, http://www.economywatch.com/economics-theory/market-theory/prefect-competition.html Question No. 1.

Obsessive compulsive disorder Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Obsessive compulsive disorder - Research Paper Example DSM-IV-TR diagnostic criteria The following four criteria are useful to define obsession in the the DSM-IV-TR (APA, 2000): †¢Recurrent and persistent thoughts, impulses, or images are experienced at some time during the disturbance as intrusive and inappropriate and cause marked anxiety and distress. Persons with this disorder recognize the pathologic quality of these unwanted thoughts (such as fears of hurting their children) and would not act on them, but the thoughts are very disturbing and difficult to discuss with others. †¢The thoughts, impulses, or images are not simply excessive worries about real-life problems. †¢The person attempts to suppress or ignore such thoughts, impulses, or images or to neutralize them with some other thought or action. †¢The person recognizes that the obsessional thoughts, impulses, or images are a product of his or her own mind (not imposed from without, as in thought insertion). The following 2 criteria are used to define compu lsions in DSM-IV-TR (APA, 2000): †¢An individual performs repetitive behaviors (eg, hand washing, ordering, checking) or mental acts (eg, praying, counting, repeating words silently) in response to an obsession or according to rules that must be applied rigidly. The behaviors are not a result of the direct physiologic effects of a substance or a general medical condition. †¢The behaviors or mental acts are aimed at preventing or reducing distress or preventing some dreaded event or situation. However, these behaviors or mental acts either are not connected in a way that could realistically neutralize or prevent whatever they are meant to address or they are clearly excessive. Clinical presentation The diagnosis of OCD is mainly done based on clinical history and presentation. It is important to establish the age off onset of the condition. Also, any history of tics must be noted. Common obsessions include safety, contamination, doubting of perception or memory, need for sy mmetry or order, scrupulosity and unwanted sexual thoughts. Common compulsions include checking, hand washing, cleaning, counting, touching objects and arranging objects. In many cases comorbid conditions like eating disorders, mood and anxiety disorders, somatoform disorders, impulsive disorders and ADHD can be present. It is important to identify these conditions and also include them in treatment. OCD is frequently associated with Tourette disorder and this condition must be identified and ruled out. Other problems associated with OCD include loss of interpersonal relationships and loss of functioning of the individual (Greenberg, 2011). Etiology The exact cause of OCD is not yet understood. However, there is some evidence that abnormalities in the serotonin neuro-transmission can occur. Other abnormalities include defective dopaminergic transmission and defective glutamatergic abnormalities. Some researchers are of the opinion that an increase in metabolic activity and blood flo w in certain regions of brain like thalamus, limbic structures, caudate and orbitofrontal cortex. Thus, OCD symptoms mainly occur due to impairment in the inhibition of specific orbitofrontal-subcortical circuitry that are involved in the regulation of autonomic responses and strong emotions. there is a strong heritability for OCD and this is based on various twin studies. Genes related to dopaminergic, serotonergic and