Effects Of Climate Change Essay Example for Free

Impacts Of Climate Change Essay Environmental change may bring about local changes in the climate, which will be progressively clear if the climate were contrasted from multi decade with another, and not regularly. Notwithstanding, researchers have theorized that when the temperature of the outside of the earth has arrived at an exceptionally basic level, such high temperature will make extreme and uncommon changes the climate, influencing the seas and will seriously adjust the climate designs very quickly. Changes in the climate may incorporate progressively hot days and less cool days. The water levels will go down, uncovering more land surface throughout the mid year. Significantly higher scope areas will be hotter by 40%. What's more, the sum the precipitation, be it downpour or day off, additionally increment, as more grounded storms and exceptional tropical storms and typhoons. The El Nino occasions may likewise be more increment because of a dangerous atmospheric devation. An Earth-wide temperature boost influences the climate, however it will likewise influence regular environments. More elevated levels of CO2 may encourage the development of timberlands, encouraging them to thrive and sprout. The hotter sea waters will be useful to fish and green growth in the high oceans. In any case, those life forms in higher heights will discover trouble in making due in hotter situations. Higher temperatures in seas may slaughter corals, which are the nurseries for fishes and other oceanic living beings. For the human populace, an unnatural weather change may cause more occurrences of irresistible infections such intestinal sickness, just as fundamental medical issues, for example, heat stroke and respiratory illnesses. As of now, the world is befuddled as society is uninformed of the point by point impacts of a worldwide temperature alteration. Society knows the summers are currently more and increasingly extraordinary and winters are jealous of summer’s anger, releasing a wrath that matches the power of the warmth. This is really what a dangerous atmospheric devation does. It befuddles the world and now as of now has additionally prevailing with regards to puzzling researchers. From a logical perspective, a worldwide temperature alteration can be comprehended as a worldwide natural marvel which is portrayed by an expansion in the normal temperature of the Earths close surface air and seas (Smith and Reynolds, 2005). There is surely no uncertainty that an Earth-wide temperature boost has an extremely inconvenient impact on the earth as it causes rising ocean levels and adjusts the sum and example of precipitation that a zones everywhere throughout the world get (Gregory et al. , 2002). These natural changes are likewise the anticipated reasons for other biological changes, for example, increments in the recurrence and force of outrageous climate occasions which thusly makes changes in horticultural yields, ice sheet retreat, decreased summer stream streams, species terminations and increments in the scopes of ailment vectors (Choi and Fisher, 2003). In view of the current logical projections, the temperature of the world is required to increment by 1. 1 to 6. 4 Â °C (2. 0 to 11. 5 Â °F) between the years 1990 and 2100. While the vast majority of the investigations and projection models that have been used for these appraisals spread the period up to the year 2100, worldwide temperature warming and ocean level ascent are required to proceed for over a thousand years regardless of whether no further ozone depleting substances are discharged after this date (Haigh, 2003). This is because of the dissolving of the polar ice tops which is assessed to proceed because of the progressions that have just happened in the world’s temperature.

Carnival Cruise - Case 16 Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Jubilee Cruise - 16 - Case Study Example These powers remember dangers from new participants for to the market, dealing forces of the clients or the purchasers, dangers radiating from substitutes that could be items or administrations, haggling intensity of the providers, the degree of contention among the contending organizations, and the overall intensity of associations. The serious powers fluctuate from nation to nation similarly that enterprises change. For example, dangers of participants into an industry are not the equivalent in various nations and are generally subject to the advancement of the host nation or the market being referred to. Here, there would be a higher danger from new contestants for an association working in the U.K than one working in a creating nation. The serious powers have a high evaluating while others have low appraising. To start with, danger of new participants is a high rate chance for organizations particularly those working in exceptionally gainful markets. This is on the grounds that these business sectors can possibly draw in new firms that lead to disintegration of benefit making abilities for the current associations. To react to these dangers, the occupants ought to have pre-set up passage hindrances, for example, economies of scale inability to which gainfulness endures. Second, the bartering intensity of the purchasers is a high rate hazard. It is the possibility of the purchasers driving the costs down. It is a high hazard particularly in the regions where there are scarcely any incredible purchasers. These purchasers have the ability to direct terms that decide the costs of the products advertised. What's more, when the expense for changing to another purchaser is low, at that point the intensity of the purchaser s is fundamentally low regarding deciding the costs advertised. Along these lines, the quantity of influential individual purchasers in a predetermined market decides the costs of the items. Third, substitute dangers can likewise be evaluated as high dangers. This is on the grounds that the presence of substitutes improves the probability of the clients changing to them prompting misfortune and loss of

Astronomy 123 Homework Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Stargazing 123 Homework - Assignment Example He accepted that everything in the space was situated inside the universe. Shapley pushed a suggestion of relative size to help his thought that on the off chance that the Andromeda system had not been a piece of the Milky Way, at that point its separation could have been 1000000000 light year. This exploration was not completely invited by the greater part of the researchers during the period. The Andromeda winding nearly shimmered at a period of time in the Andromeda world. Ostensibly and for new star, the gross vitality was not sensible. Thus, the Andromeda and new star ought to be in Milky Way. The proof demonstrated optical range of the winding cloud was not discernable from range of the system. Shapley likewise used the sort of absurdum and decrease completely. In the event that Andromeda had been autonomous, at that point it had a supernatural splendor with the goal that individuals could have recognized from far. 3. Andrew McKellar was a Canadian space expert, who contemplated material science and arithmetic in the University of British Columbia. He demonstrated his first perceptions to space experts in 1930 and mid 1940s. He endured various misfortunes that made him not to acknowledge it. One of the mishaps was non-consistency in perceptions. This was because of cognizant vacillations on rakish scales that were bigger than cosmological skyline at mix. Instrumental mistakes because of the utilization of various instruments were another significant reason for trouble in information assortment. Planck telescope which was progressively delicate and had bigger precise goals affirmed the vile forces that be perception. Non-proportionate ward variable plans utilized by Andrew McKellar frustrated successful assortment of

Case Study of the Strategic Issues of Chipotle Mexican Grill

Contextual analysis of the Strategic Issues of Chipotle Mexican Grill Chipotle Mexican Grill is an American chain of quick easygoing cafés as of now found in excess of 1000 areas all through the United States, United Kingdom and Canada. The chain represents considerable authority in tacos and burritos and has been in activity since it was established in 1993. It is controlled by a leading body of four executives and a director who is additionally the author of the evolved way of life and has its central command in Denver, Colorado. The organization is recorded on the New York Stock Exchange and posted a net gain of US$178 million in 2010[1]. It has a human asset of 26,500 representatives. In 1998 McDonalds made a venture into the organization that permitted Chipotle to extend rapidly, anyway in 2006, McDonalds stripped from Chipotle. In January 2006, the organization made its Initial Public Offering to a positive reaction from financial specialists who were excitedly looking out for the posting of the companys shares since it had given an astounding indication of constant development and benefit. The offer cost multiplied on the primary day of posting as an open organization. The organization utilizes quality money related and budgetary control frameworks that have seen it develop and grow without arriving in monetary emergency since it began tasks. Numerous control frameworks are utilized to guarantee that the distinctive café keep up the organization guidelines in the nature of items created, worker government assistance and [1]A., M,. Friendliness today: a presentation. City: American Hotel Lodging Educational Institute, 2007. maintaining of the organization approaches and mission. The organization empowers new advancements in its items and that is the reason they have a portion of the cafés selling brew and margaritas relying upon the area and request from the customers. The organization has concentrated basically on its underlying center business which has demonstrated to be a favorable position to the business since all accentuation is given to guarantee the organization strategic maintained without side demolitions from additional deviations from the center business. Ongoing improvements in the organization include: Dec, 2010: Plans to open the principal Asian easygoing idea café Dec, 2010: Hired Chef Nate Appleman to grow new cooking Apr, 2010: Chipotle Q1 Revenues Up 15.6% Feb, 2010: Chipotle to open in Marion, Ohio Nov, 2009: Chipotle Finalizes Location In London Nov, 2009: Chipotle Mexican Grill to make a big appearance in London Oct, 2009: Converted Organics Announces Tactical Relationship With IESI to Collect, Process And Convert Food Waste [2] [2]J.R., Zapoli,. The most effective method to Succeed in the Restaurant Business: Crunching NumbersnowThats the Bottom Line! City: 2005. Segment 2: Key Strategic issues In spite of its prosperity, Chipotle faces key issues that the organization needs to manage. Because of its quick development and need to stay with developing, the organization has experienced issues when collecting the cash to back new activities since it is all organization claimed and doesn't establishment. The huge number of outlets likewise makes it hard to guarantee that organization measures are met and kept up subsequently a few outlets have lingered behind prompting humiliating episodes like the norovirus flare-up in Kent, Ohio. The companys technique despite everything remains extending and setting up new cafés in key markets and offering new menus to cook for various tastes accordingly opening up close to its customers with a decision of food and drink to provide food for a more extensive demographic subsequently staying pertinent. The organization likewise faces significant rivalry from other chain cafés hence the need to concoct new developments to pull in and look aft er customers. The organization has additionally been embroiled with the wrongdoing of utilizing individuals utilizing fake papers particularly in its outlets in Minneapolis. Segment 3: Analysis and Evaluation Chipotles primary test as an eatery network is to battle rivalry. Its fundamental rivals incorporate Qdoba Mexican Grill, Moes Southwest Grill, Rubios Fresh Mexican Grill, Pancheros Mexican Grill, and Baja Fresh. The organization administrators have distinguished approaches to make the organization stand apart among the opposition in various manners that they expectation will empower the organization to stay at the top and continue making benefits as it has done since initiation. Probably the most ideal ways is new advancements. This has been finished by utilizing another culinary expert with huge experience to think of new menus that will be tried in chosen cafés before the menu is adjusted by all the eateries. This is a bet for the chain since it has had a similar menu of burrito bowls, burritos, tacos, servings of mixed greens, different meats and additional dishes, for example, salsas, cheddar, lettuce and guacamole which have been the cafés marks. The organization has addition ally been trying a childrens menu that will be consolidated in all the eateries to give the kids a great menu to appreciate subsequently pulling in more families and kids to its cafés. Advancements have likewise included designs to open Asian quick easygoing cafés to give a more extensive decision to the organization customers in the determination of food and beverages while simultaneously draw in another demographic of admirers of Asian food and beverages. The organization has kept on opening new branches everywhere throughout the nation and has even wandered in London and Toronto. This quick extension has in the past demonstrated a detriment for certain organizations yet it merits recognizing that Chipotle has figured out how to deal with the development furthering its potential benefit and is an ideal case of what great systems combined with great administration can result to. Regardless of the thorough angles and difficulties of quick extension, the organization figured out ho w to be positioned as the eighth quickest developing organization in the US dependent on deals in 2009 and improved this to be positioned at position three out of 2010 with a day by day client base of more than 750,000 clients. Subsequently it is obvious that this organization has figured out how to grow in a beneficial way without confronting budgetary troubles thinking about that it takes US$850,000 to open another Chipotle eatery. [3]A., M,. Friendliness today: a presentation. City: American Hotel Lodging Educational Institute, 2007. Solid and exacting monetary and budgetary controls have been applied all through the organization and this have empowered smooth running of the extensive business without money related issues. The cash that MacDonalds had siphoned into the organization in 1998 was very much used to support the underlying extension and opening of new cafés that saw the organization eateries ascend in number from 18 out of 1998 to 500 of every 2005 [3]. This implies the organization the board didn't initially concentrate on paying themselves and giving themselves enormous rewards rather the cash was coordinated into the premiums of the organization. It is additionally worth to take note of that the organizer of the organization, Steve Ells was an alum of the Culinary Institute of America in Hyde Park, New York and has remained the executive and C.E.O of the organization he established. The importance of his instructive and expert foundation to the organization achievement is that Steve had obtained th e pertinent information and skill in food creation along these lines had all the essential foundation to set up an eatery since he for all intents and purposes comprehended what he was doing in a café arrangement. Also, Steves foundation uncovers how he had opened his first eatery with an advance from his dad in this way the man has great instinct on the best way to go through cash and his essence on the leading body of the organization has guaranteed that the equivalent astute temperances he had utilized in the start of the business stream down in any event, when the business has developed to cosmic sizes of achievement. Â Effective operational controls utilized by Chipotle eateries start from the top. When the principal eatery was on its feet the originator concentrated on developing the business as opposed to working in the business. This is instrumental on the grounds that most businessmen get covered in the everyday running of their organizations and overlook the motivation behind why they began it in any case. Chipotle has put vigorously in working frameworks that empower the smooth running of the organization eateries considering the gigantic number of clients that they serve. The organization has acquainted new ways with request and pay for food things online from the solace of ones home or office and even has an iPhone application for a similar assistance focusing on the innovation servy customers. This organization has a theoretical method of promoting. Rather than the conventional media situated ads on TV, radio and print, it vigorously relies upon verbal exchange for publicizing and the util ization of boards. The organization likewise supports cycling occasions and runs numerous occasions during the time where it offers free food to members. Works Sited A., M,. Friendliness today: a presentation. City: American Hotel Lodging Educational Institute, 2007. J.D., Dittmer,. Standards of Food, Beverage, and Labor Cost Controls. City: John Wiley Sons, 2008. J.D., Schmidgall,. Café money related nuts and bolts. City: John Wiley Sons, 2002. J.R., Zapoli,. Step by step instructions to Succeed in the Restaurant Business: Crunching Numbersnow Thats the Bottom Line! City: 2005.

Chapter 25 The Egg and the Eye

Harry had no clue to what extent a shower he would need to work out the mystery of the brilliant egg, he chose to do it around evening time, when he would have the option to take as much time as he needed. Hesitant however he was to acknowledge more favors from Cedric, he additionally chose to utilize the consuls' washroom; far less individuals were permitted in there, so it was substantially less likely that he would be upset. Harry arranged his journey cautiously, on the grounds that he had been gotten up and outside the alloted boundaries by Filch the guardian in the night once previously, and wanted to rehash the experience. The Invisibility Cloak would, obviously, be fundamental, and as an additional safety measure, Harry figured he would take the Marauders Map, which, close to the shroud, was the most helpful guide to govern breaking Harry possessed. The guide indicated the entire of Hogwarts, including its numerous alternate routes and mystery paths and, generally significant of all, it uncovered the individuals inside the palace as infinitesimal, named spots, moving around the hallways, so that Harry would be cautioned on the off chance that someone was moving toward the washroom. On Thursday night, Harry sneaked up to bed, put on the shroud, crawled back ground floor, and, similarly as he had done on the night when Hagrid had demonstrated him the mythical serpents, hung tight for the representation gap to open. This time it was Ron who held up outside to give the Fat Lady the secret key (â€Å"banana fritters†), â€Å"Good luck,† Ron mumbled, moving into the room as Harry crawled out past him. It was clumsy moving under the shroud today, on the grounds that Harry had the overwhelming egg under one arm and the guide held before his nose with the other. Notwithstanding, the twilight halls were unfilled and quiet, and by checking the guide at key interims, Harry had the option to guarantee that he wouldn't run into anybody he needed to evade. At the point when he arrived at the sculpture of Boris the Bewildered, a lost-looking wizard with his gloves on an inappropriate hands, he found the correct entryway, inclined near it, and mumbled the secret phrase, â€Å"Pine fresh,† similarly as Cedric had let him know. The entryway squeaked open. Harry slipped inside, blasted the entryway behind him, and pulled off the Invisibility Cloak, glancing around. His prompt response was that it would merit turning into an official just to have the option to utilize this washroom. It was delicately lit by an awe inspiring flame filled crystal fixture, and everything was made of white marble, including what resembled an unfilled, rectangular pool sunk into the center of the floor. Around a hundred brilliant taps stood all around the pools edges, each with a distinctively shaded Jewel set into its handle. There was likewise a jumping board. Long white material drapes hung at the windows; an enormous heap of soft white towels sat in a corner, and there was a solitary brilliant surrounded artwork on the divider. It included a blonde mermaid who was sleeping soundly on a stone, her long hair over her face. It vacillated each time she wheezed. Harry pushed ahead, glancing around, his strides reverberating off the dividers. Glorious however the restroom was †and very sharp however he was to evaluate a couple of those taps †presently he was here he couldn't exactly smother the inclination that Cedric may have been having him on. How on earth was this expected to help illuminate the puzzle of the egg? By and by, he put one of the Huffy towels, the shroud, the guide, and the egg along the edge of the pool-sized shower, at that point stooped down and turned on a couple of the taps. He could tell on the double that they conveyed various sorts of air pocket shower blended in with the water, however it wasn't bubble shower as Harry had ever experienced it. One tap spouted pink and blue air pockets the size of footballs; another poured ice-white froth so thick that Harry figured it would have upheld his weight on the off chance that he'd wanted to test it; a third sent intensely perfumed purple mists drifting over the outside of the water. Harry entertained himself for a little while killing the taps on and, especially getting a charge out of the impact of one whose stream ricocheted off the outside of the water in huge bends. At that point, when the profound pool was brimming with boiling water, froth, and air pockets, which took an exceptionally brief timeframe thinking about its size, Harry killed all the taps, pulled off his night robe, shoes, and robe, and slid into the water. It was profound to the point that his feet scarcely contacted the base, and he really did two or three lengths before swimming back to the side and stepping water, gazing at the egg. Profoundly pleasant however it was to swim in hot and frothy water with billows of various hued steam drifting surrounding him, no stroke of brightness came to him, no abrupt eruption of comprehension. Harry loosened up his arms, lifted the egg in his wet hands, and opened it. The howling, shrieking sound filled the restroom, resounding and resonating off the marble dividers, however it sounded similarly as unlimited as could be, if not more so with all the echoes. He snapped it shut once more, stressed that the sound would draw in Filch, pondering whether that hadn't been Cedric's arrangement †and afterward, making him hop so seriously that he dropped the egg, which banged away over the washroom floor, somebody talked. â€Å"I'd have a go at placing it in the water, on the off chance that I were you.† Harry had gulped a lot of air pockets in stun. He stood up, faltering, and saw the phantom of a sullen looking young lady sitting with folded legs on one of the taps. It was Moaning Myrtle, who was as a rule to be heard wailing in the S-curve of a latrine three stories underneath. â€Å"Myrtle!† Harry said in shock, â€Å"I'm †I'm not wearing anything!† The froth was thick to such an extent this scarcely made a difference, however he had an awful inclination that Myrtle had been keeping an eye on him from out of one of the taps since the time he had shown up. â€Å"I shut my eyes when you got in,† she stated, flickering at him through her thick exhibitions. â€Å"You haven't been to see me for ages.† â€Å"Yeah†¦well†¦Ã¢â‚¬  said Harry, bowing his knees marginally, just to ensure Myrtle couldn't see anything besides his head, â€Å"I'm shouldn't come into your restroom, am I? It's a young ladies' one.† â€Å"You didn't used to care,† said Myrtle pitiably. â€Å"You used to be in there all the time.† This was valid, however simply because Harry, Ron, and Hermione had discovered Myrtle's faulty toilets a helpful spot to blend Polyjuice Potion in mystery †an illegal mixture that had transformed him and Ron into living imitations of Crabbe and Goyle for 60 minutes, with the goal that they could sneak into the Slytherin basic room. â€Å"I got reprimanded for going in there.† said Harry, which was half-valid; Percy had once discovered him coming out of Myrtles washroom. â€Å"I thought I would be wise to not return after that.† â€Å"Oh†¦I see†¦Ã¢â‚¬  said Myrtle, picking at a spot on her jawline in a dreary kind of way. â€Å"Well†¦anyway†¦I'd attempt the egg in the water. That is the thing that Cedric Diggory did.† â€Å"Have you been keeping an eye on him too?† said Harry resentfully. â€Å"What d'you do, sneak up here in the nights to watch the officials take baths?† â€Å"Sometimes,† said Myrtle, rather shrewdly, â€Å"but I've never come out to address anybody before.† â€Å"I'm honored,† said Harry dimly. â€Å"You keep your eyes shut!† He ensured Myrtle had her glasses very much secured before raising himself out of the shower, wrapping the towel solidly around his midriff, and going to recover the egg. When he was back in the water, Myrtle looked through her fingers and stated, â€Å"Go on, then†¦open it under the water!† Harry brought down the egg underneath the frothy surface and opened it†¦and this time, it didn't cry. A sputtering melody was coming out of it, a tune whose words he couldnt recognize through the water. â€Å"You need to put your head under too,† said Myrtle, who appeared to be completely getting a charge out of bossing him around. â€Å"Go on!† Harry took an extraordinary breath and slid under the surface †and now, sitting on the marble base of the air pocket filled shower, he heard a chorale of spooky voices singing to him from the open egg in his grasp: â€Å"Come look for us where our voices sound, We can't sing over the ground, And while you re looking, consider this: Wove taken what you'll woefully miss, An hour long you'll need to look, And to recuperate what we took, But past an hour†the possibility's dark, Too late, it's gone, it wont come back† Harry let himself coast back upward and broke the bubbly surface, shaking his hair out of his eyes. â€Å"Hear it?† said Myrtle. â€Å"Yeah†¦'Come look for us where our voices sound†¦' and on the off chance that I need persuading†¦hang on, I have to listen again†¦.† He sank back underneath the water. It took three progressively submerged versions of the egg's melody before Harry had it retained; at that point he trod water for some time, considering every option, while Myrtle sat and watched him. €Å"i must proceed to search for individuals who can't utilize their voices over the ground†¦.† he said gradually. â€Å"Er†¦who could that be?† â€Å"Slow, aren't you?† He had never observed Moaning Myrtle so bright, aside from the day when a portion of PolyJuice Potion had given Hermione the bristly face and tail of a feline. Harry gazed around the washroom, thinking†¦if the voices must be heard submerged, at that point it appeared well and good for them to have a place with submerged animals. He ran this hypothesis past Myrtle, who grinned at him. â€Å"Well, that is the thing that Diggory thought,† she said. â€Å"He lay there conversing with himself for a very long time about it. Ages and ages†¦nearly all the air pockets had gone†¦.† â€Å"Underwater†¦Ã¢â‚¬  Harry said gradually. â€Å"Myrtle†¦what lives in the lake, aside from the mammoth squid?† â€Å"Oh all sorts,† she said. â€Å"I in some cases go down there†¦sometimes don't have any decision, in the event that somebody flushes

The Most Interesting Supplemental Essay Prompts of 2017

The Most Interesting Supplemental Essay Prompts of 2017 The Most Interesting Supplemental Essay Prompts of 2017 The Most Interesting Supplemental Essay Prompts of 2017 Supplemental essays can be a real drag. You have already poured your heart and soul into the personal statement and all you want to do is kick back and watch Homecoming King for the third time. We get it. Fortunately, some schools are stepping up their game to make answering their supplemental prompts FUN! Yes, you read that right. Enjoy our compilation of the most interesting supplemental essay prompts for the 2017-18 application season! Princeton University Princeton asks its hopefuls to respond to two supplemental prompts in 150 words and then they have some fun with it! Please briefly elaborate on one of your extracurricular activities or work experiences that was particularly meaningful to you.   Please tell us how you have spent the last two summers (or vacations between school years), including any jobs you have held.   Your favorite book and its author Your favorite website Your favorite recording Your favorite source of inspiration Your favorite line from a movie or book and its title Your favorite movie Two adjectives your friends would use to describe you Your favorite keepsake or memento Your favorite word Okay, enough with the short answers, Princeton wants to get down to business again. In addition to the essay you have written for the Common Application or the Universal College Application, please write an essay of about 500 words (no more than 650 words and no fewer than 250 words). Using one of the themes below as a starting point, write about a person, event or experience that helped you define one of your values or in some way changed how you approach the world. Please do not repeat, in full or in part, the essay you wrote for the Common Application or Universal College Application. Tell us about a person who has influenced you in a significant way. “One of the great challenges of our time is that the disparities we face today have more complex causes and point less straightforwardly to solutions.” Omar Wasow, assistant professor of politics, Princeton University and co-founder of Blackplanet.com. This quote is taken from Professor Wasow’s January 2014 speech at the Martin Luther King Day celebration at Princeton University. “Culture is what presents us with the kinds of valuable things that can fill a life. And insofar as we can recognize the value in those things and make them part of our lives, our lives are meaningful.” Gideon Rosen, Stuart Professor of Philosophy and director of the Behrman Undergraduate Society of Fellows, Princeton University. Using a favorite quotation from an essay or book you have read in the last three years as a starting point, tell us about an event or experience that helped you define one of your values or changed how you approach the world. Please write the quotation, title and author at the beginning of your essay. Duke University Duke is ahead of the curve and has been giving students the opportunity to share their experience in regards to their sexual orientation for years. Duke University seeks a talented, engaged student body that embodies the wide range of human experience; we believe that the diversity of our students makes our community stronger. If youd like to share a perspective you bring or experiences youve had to help us understand you better-perhaps related to a community you belong to, your sexual orientation or gender identity, or your family or cultural background-we encourage you to do so. Real people are reading your application, and we want to do our best to understand and appreciate the real people applying to Duke. (250 word limit) (Optional) If you would like the opportunity, we invite you to share more about your sexual orientation either below or in the Duke optional essay. (250 words) They, of course, also ask applicants to respond to one standard supplemental essay prompt, depending on which college they hope to enter. If you are applying to the Pratt School of Engineering as a first year applicant, please discuss why you want to study engineering and why you would like to study at Duke. (Please limit your response to no more than 150 words.) If you are applying to the Trinity College of Arts and Sciences as a first year applicant, please discuss why you consider Duke a good match for you. Is there something particular about Duke that attracts you? (Please limit your response to no more than 150 words.) Stanford University Stanford is all about the short answers this application season. They have ELEVEN supplemental essay prompts for students to tackle, but many of them are short and let you be creative. Briefly elaborate on one of your extracurricular activities or work experiences. (150 words) What is the most significant challenge that society faces today? (50 word limit) How did you spend your last two summers? (50 word limit) What historical moment or event do you wish you could have witnessed? (50 word limit) What five words best describe you? (10 word limit) When the choice is yours, what do you read, listen to, or watch? (50 word limit) Name one thing you are looking forward to experiencing at Stanford. (50 word limit) Imagine you had an extra hour in the day â€" how would you spend that time? (50 word limit) The Stanford community is deeply curious and driven to learn in and out of the classroom. Reflect on an idea or experience that makes you genuinely excited about learning. (100 to 250 words) Virtually all of Stanfords undergraduates live on campus. Write a note to your future roommate that reveals something about you or that will help your roommate and us know you better. (100 to 250 words) Tell us about something that is meaningful to you and why. (100 to 250 words) Feel free to have some fun with these supplemental essay prompts and, as always, if you need some brainstorming or editing help, check out our one-on-one advising services. About CEA HQView all posts by CEA HQ » Want more tips and tricks? Give College Essay Academy a try. WATCH CHAPTER 1 FOR FREE »

Rhetorical Analysis of Rachel Carson’s “Silent Spring” - Literature Essay Samples

In September of 1962, Rachel Carson’s Silent Spring was published directly to alarm the public of the harmfulness of chemical pesticides. Those pesticides include DDT, dieldrin, chlordane, and more that were being used by a way of aerial spraying in an attempt to control insect populations on a very large scale. She goes on to say that they should not be called insecticides, but ‘biocides because they kill many living things good and bad. Silent Spring is an exposà © because it calls out companies and many more to bring a call to action. Carson was a marine biologist which back then the position held very low esteem in the nuclear age, she wasn’t living up to the regular woman image. Having no affiliation with big institutions meaning she didn’t have a very big voice to be heard. Silent Spring lead to a huge global environmental movement that still today is taking place, over 55 years ago think about that. Carson uses plenty of rhetorical strategies throug hout Silent Spring such as audience, style, language, tone, message, and more. The following rhetorical analysis will investigate Rachel Carson’s Silent Spring and its use of rhetorical strategies and conventions. Rachel Carson’s audience in Silent Spring is the American people and not just the government and scientist. She needed to reach every person of America and inform them on the harmfulness effects that pesticides could deal out to the environment. She brings a very strong inquiry throughout the first half of the writing but isn’t afraid to get right into it with the question â€Å"What has already silenced the voices of spring in countless towns in America?†(Carson 3). Carson then uses examples for simple people unlike scientists to understand what these detrimental chemicals were doing to them and the environment they live in. She also lets the people know that what they’re being told isn’t always right, â€Å"We are told that the enormous and expanding use of pesticides is necessary to maintain farm production. Yet is our real problem not one of overproduction?†(Carson 9). She later says that â€Å"man† has risked it’s own futur e just to control some pests, â€Å"How could intelligent beings seek to control a few unwanted species by a method that contaminated the entire environment and brought the threat of disease and death even to their own kind? Yet this is precisely what we have done.†(Carson 8). Carson isn’t afraid to go ahead and get straight to the hard hitting facts and questions. Silent Spring’s style of writing is informative and demanding but one that is easy for the general reader of the public. It starts off as kind of a story with her zooming in on this town that does not actually exist. She leaves all of her citations for later in the book so therefore the reader won’t get distracted. During the time after the book she was really kind of stuck between a rock and a hard place because she got ridiculed for her work so imagine if she didn’t have any scientific facts and citations within Silent Spring. Her writing overall brought a lot of attention to the harmfulness effects of chemical pesticides and started a movement. Conventions of Silent Spring meaning which the way its done, Carson states what’s happening and then backs it up with facts. And within those facts she includes real known happenings like how our lakes, soil, and more are being contaminated. She states that â€Å"Every human being is now subjected to contact with dangerous chemicals, from the moment of conception until death.†(Carson 15). In less than 20 years pesticides have been scattered so much that they’re now throughout the whole world. â€Å"Residues of these chemicals linger in soil to which they may have been applied a dozen years before. They have entered and lodged in the bodies offish, birds, reptiles, and domestic and wild animals so universally that scientists carrying on animal experiments find it almost impossible to locate subjects free from such contamination. They have been found in fish in remote mountain lakes, in earthworms burrowing in soil, in the eggs of bird and in man himself.†(C arson 16). Now if that doesn’t persuade you to believe that their are some harmful effects in pesticides then I don’t know what will. Carson really does a great job by making you feel emotions while reading Silent Spring. The formation of Silent Spring is split into two different parts through chapters 1 through 9, Carson is informing you of what’s going on within the pesticide world and what it is doing to man and the environment around it. Chapter 10 through the ending, Carson argues that we should think of easier and healthier ways of insect control than just chemical pesticides like bringing in pests to get rid of other insects, crop rotation, and more. She’s states that aerial spraying of pesticides has become to common and nobody really knows what goes into it. She then goes onto to use Dr. Edward Knipling as an example and his techniques of biological solutions as a safer way of insect control. A technique of his was â€Å"insect sterilization† where â€Å"sterilized males compete with the normal wild males so successfully that, after repeated releases, only infertile eggs would be produced and the population would die out.†(Carson 279). Carson really wants you to br ing all the information in as one and take a call to action. Carson uses two different types of languages throughout Silent Spring one formal diction and the other being informal diction. Formal diction meaning she’s very educated on her research and it may need a little more explaining to the average reader. Informal diction means it’s very understandable to the average reader. Some examples of formal diction would be when Carson uses the hydrogen atoms and carbon atoms and uses visual images, that’s a very scientific diction that the average reader wouldn’t get. Rachel Carson’s tones in Silent Spring are scientific and anger. Her scientific tone gave off a vibe where you can tell she did her research and she lets the information do the work. She keeps her anger under control throughout the writing but you can tell she is angry with the outcomes of the harmful pesticides on humans and the environment. For example, she used a whole chapter to talk about the different types of pesticides and effects of them. â€Å"In Florida, two children found an empty bag and used it to repair a swing. Shortly thereafter both of them died and three of their playmates became ill. The bag had once contained an insecticide called parathion, one of the organic phosphates; tests established death by parathion poisoning.†(Carson 28). Throughout she gave more examples of humans dying and how the most harmful things go unnoticed. Silent Spring’s mission, purpose, and message is to show the many examples of when insecticides produced deadly effects and that nature isn’t for the convenience of man and that it cannot be controlled by him. Carson also wants us to know that we have the right to know what is what. She states â€Å"It is not my contention that chemical insecticides must never be used. I do contend that we have put poisonous and biologically potent chemicals indiscriminately into the hands of persons largely or wholly ignorant of their potentials for harm.†(Carson 12). All in all, what I’ve analyzed is that Rachel Carson wanted to inform people of the serious danger of this chemical threat. Carson was really looking out for everyone else’s well being. She argues that humans should learn to coexist with the environment, and not always try to dominate it. Her overall use of language and tone took over the book and empowered the message. She used pathos to spill emotions and get the message across which really made it persuasive. Carson did a great job by not involving herself in her rhetorical writing by not including her having cancer as a motivation for the piece as a whole. Therefore, nothing falls short throughout Silent Spring because it hits all the points and in the end it started a huge environmental movement that still exists today.

Questions On Academic Integrity Student s Own Essay

NORTHCENTRAL UNIVERSITY ASSIGNMENT COVER SHEET Student: Christine Ann McCalla THIS FORM MUST BE COMPLETELY FILLED IN Academic Integrity: All work submitted in each course must be the student’s own. This includes all assignments, exams, term papers, and other projects required by the faculty member. The known submission of another person’s work represented as that of the student’s without properly citing the source of the work will be considered plagiarism and will result in an unsatisfactory grade for the work submitted or for the entire course, and may result in academic dismissal. BTM7101-8 Joe DiRenzo Doctoral Studies in Business Assignment 1: Vision, Background, and Personal Aspirations Faculty Use Only Week 1 Assignment:Vision, Background, and Personal Aspirations BTM7101-8 Doctoral Studies in Business Christine Ann McCalla Joe DiRenzo 11/30/2016 Introduction I completed my second master’s degree in 2011, and considered pursuing a DBA degree but did not proceed. 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Technology s Effect On Society - 971 Words

As People Rely More And More On Technology To Solve Problems, The Ability Of Humans To Think For Themselves Will Surely Deteriorate Technology has always changed world’s face and in one view makes the life easier for humans. In these few decades, technology has a lot of progress and now more than before people live in an electronic jungle. The human’s nature is a powerful engine for people to look for more shortcuts in the life. As the society depends on technology more and more to find an answer for humans’ problem, the ability of thinking for themselves among people reduces. Kids influence by technology’s effect more than adults. Higher technology tools change the structure of children thinking and also cause children cannot use their minds for solving problems. At first glance, technology changes the way children think. The new generation has a power to do many tasks in the same time, but it is hard for them to focus on the book. The tablet, cellphone, etc. become a toy in hand of children. As people write code for program and devices, those tools code human’s minds too. The subconscious of children is clear when they were born by reputation their minds learn how to act. There is a video on YouTube about a one-year-old girl; her father gave her a tablet. She used tablet easily, she touched a page and played well with the tablet. After that, her father gave her a magazine; she did not know how to change the page. She touched the picture of a magazine s cover andShow MoreRelatedEffects Of Technology On Society s Society1092 Words   |  5 PagesWell, how about a day without bullying, depression, and impolite people? Now that is a day most would probably wish for. Society wants to have causes these wretched events, but doesnâ€⠄¢t want to accept that what they want is the main cause of these issues; technology. 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American School Districts Should Implement A Longer School...

Presently there has been progressively more debate over whether or not American school districts should implement a longer school year. This would mean taking a month away from summer vacation, which is regularly over two months. It is controversial because some argue that it would take away from family time and that school districts simply cannot afford to do it. Although most children would prefer more vacation time, a longer school year would tremendously benefit them in the imminent future. A longer school year would develop discipline and responsibility in children, in addition to allowing them to retain the knowledge they have acquired so far. A two month break from school is an outrageous amount of time and during this time most kids lose their sense of responsibility. By cutting summers shorter, kids get a more realistic taste of what life will be like when they mature and enter the real world. Having two months of vacation time will not be the norm for most jobs available. Also, kids do not take school seriously after such a break and fail to remember a lot of the knowledge they acquired the year before. ‘Harris Cooper, an education specialist from Duke University, has argued that test results from fall compared to those in spring show â€Å"children generally slide in math and reading during the traditional summer break.’ (O’Sullivan, 2013) Extended summer breaks cause kids to become inattentive and are a waste of valuable time. According to M arketwired, duringShow MoreRelatedA Study Conducted By Edmonds Cady And Hock Essay1143 Words   |  5 Pagesconducted by Edmonds-Cady and Hock (2008), 19.6 percent of students receiving special education services were expelled without school personnel considering the manifestation determination guidelines provided by the Individual with Disability Education Act (IDEA); thus violating the rights of students with special needs. 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Essay on Team Dynamics - 1465 Words

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These may include personal, financial obstacles or obstacles at work. There are many ways to deal with them, and due to human nature, they are dealt with uniquely. Working within a team environment brings its own obstacles. This paper will discuss obstacles in team dynamics and how to overcome them. Obstacles in Team Dynamics By the time people reach adulthood, they have gone through many obstacles in

Bcom 275 Demonstrative Communication Paper Free Essays

Demonstrative Communication Paper BY: Erin Kelly BCOM 275 There are several things that can be said about nonverbal and unwritten communication. When you are talking to someone or someone is talking to you. You can tell a lot about how well the person is listening and understands what you are saying. We will write a custom essay sample on Bcom 275 Demonstrative Communication Paper or any similar topic only for you Order Now You can also tell by their body language and facial expressions if they are interested in what you are saying. If you are talking to someone and they are not making eye contact that shows a few things either they don’t understand what you are talking about or they are not interested in what you are saying. If they are looking at you but have a puzzled look on their face that shows they are listening but also shows they are confused about what you are talking about or what you are saying is completely wrong or off the topic you started talking about. Body language also tells a lot about the listener and the speaker. If you are talking to someone and they are playing with their hands, folding their arms or doing anything else but paying full attention to the speaker. That shows they are just waiting for you to be done talking so that they can go back and do what they would rather be doing. If the speaker is looking around the room or maybe playing with the note cards or whatever the case may be. That shows that maybe they aren’t very comfortable with what they are talking about or they are not very good at public speaking. Other things that are unwritten and nonverbal are they we live. If you have a clean and organized house or apartment that says a lot about you to other people. If your home is inviting and colorful and cheery that shows that you are ready for visitors at any time and they are welcome they are welcome to come in. If your house or apartment is dark and messy that shows you would rather be alone and have no one come over. Do you have a fence or a line of trees separating you from your neighbors that also says a lot about you? It says you are a not a very social person and would rather be left alone then talk to people. In some cultures touching and hugging is a big part of their lives. How you touch someone says a lot about you. The way you touch someone says a lot if you touch them loving and comforting it shows you are kind. If you touch them too hard and hurt them, people are going to be afraid to touch you when they see you. In the United States we always shake hands with people when see them or meet someone a new person. That says you are friendly but not always in a good way. We shake hands with a lot of people and sometimes we don’t really want to see that person any more. The way we handle employees at work is another example. If you have to reprimand and an employee the way you go about it says a lot about you. If you are loud and yell at the employee it says you don’t respect the person as an employee or a person in general. You are telling that employee that they are basically useless and you don’t want them around. If you reprimand the employee but do it in a positive way that says you respect the employee and you are just trying to help them learn from their mistakes. That shows them that they are part of the team and you are willing to work them until they understand what you expect of them. We show nonverbal and unwritten communication in our lives each and every day. How we choose to do it is up to us. Only we can give an impression on people it’s up to us if we want to leave a good impression or a bad impression. We communicate with every one we see though out the day and it’s not always good communication. So we need to remember that every time we come in contact with someone. How do we want that person to remember us? How to cite Bcom 275 Demonstrative Communication Paper, Papers

Gaps In Indigenous Not Closing Disadvantage -Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Gaps In Indigenous Not Closing Disadvantage? Answer: Introducation According to the statement by the NACHHO or National Aboriginal Community Controlled Health, the term health can be defined as the amalgamation of physical, emotional, social and cultural wellbeing, and each and every individual belonging to the societal community has equal right to achieving the aforementioned state of absolute health (Naccho.org. 2017). The statement of NACHHO further illustrates towards the health care services provided to the public, it dictates the health care services to be provide in a manner that will help each and every individual in need for health care services, are provided with the ability and availability to achieve their full potential as healthy human beings, facilitating the overall well being for the community (Naccho.org. 2017). However I would like to mention that the health care delivery scenario differs magnanimously. The aboriginals have always received differential behaviour from the rest of the mainstream society, and the disparity in the behaviour extends to the health care experience they achieve as well. In most cases, the aboriginals do not get the opportunity to access the health care services that are otherwise easily accessed by the non-natives residing in Australia (Mitrou et al. 2014). This assignment will reflect upon the health care disparities that the aboriginal Australians are subjected to and device a health promotional and preventative strategy that can help in reducing the disparities and achieve what the NAIHO statement aspires for. According to the statement of department of aboriginal affairs, the aboriginals can be described as the any descendant of the aboriginal or Torres State Island community bearing a biological connection with the ancient indigenous or native community of the Australia, and this somewhat racial discrimination has been the sole source for the inequality that this community has faced (Barclay et al. 2014). Considering the health care sector, there are conspicuous gaps in the health care that the aboriginal community receives, and these gaps are represented in life expectancy, infant mortality rates, poor health outcomes along with very poor or considerably non-existent health literacy in the aboriginals. The difference in the life expectancy of the average men and women in the aboriginal communities and non-aboriginal communities is a gap or 10 years. The infant mortality rates in aboriginal communities are 6.2% while the rate in the non-indigenous communities is 3.7%, which is almost hal f of the rate that aboriginal community has (Sherwood 2013). The potential preventable death rate is also 5 times more than what the non-native communities have, and the aboriginal were also 4 times more likely to be hospitalized for chronic conditions when compared to the non-native Australians and the rate of hospitalization has increased 50 times for the aboriginal communities in the last five years (Artuso et al. 2013). Hence it can be stated that there is a significant gap in the health care delivery that the aboriginals receive, and according to the statement released by Australian government, these gaps are, shorter life expectancy, high mortality rates, low health outcomes, and nonexistent health literacy (Oliver 2013). Now, exploring the contributing factors to these gaps or disparities in the health care sector for aboriginals, there are a number of different external and internal factors associated with this situation. First and foremost, one of the major facilitators can be the conservative notion in the society for the aboriginals (Mitrou et al. 2014). Another very important aspect in the health care disadvantage that the aboriginals face is the lack of effective interpersonal communication, according to most of the authors, one of the most important reasons behind the disparities in the aboriginal heath is the fact that there is a significant communication gap between the health care provider and the patients and their families. The dialect is one influential factor in this scenario (Kelaher et al. 2014). In most cases, either the health care providers are unable to interpret the preferences or grievances shared by the patients; or on the other hand, the aboriginal patients and their families are often unable to interpret the instructions of the health care providers. And lastly, the lack of cultural competency in the care provided and the lack of health literacy in the aboriginals contribute to their compromised health status as well (Guy et al. 2012). Now, according to the recent concept of equity in health care, each and every one has a elemental right for optimal health care services. The disparities that dominate the health care delivery for the Australian aboriginals can only be overcome with a robust and effective health strategy (Mitrou et al. 2014). However, in my opinion, the strategy must address each and every determinants of the aboriginal health status and contribute towards the goal of making health care services easy, accessible and affordable for the aboriginals (Britt et al. 2013). The first and foremost element in the strategy must incorporate the concept for cultural competency, from my own personal experience, I can add that the major reason behind the aboriginals not opting for health care services is due to the fear they have for their cultural safety and dignity. It has to be understood that the aboriginals have deep rooted traditional values and beliefs regarding healing and health, and the modern health acr e techniques often clash with their traditional healing principles. Hence, the health strategy must incorporate the cultural competency in designing care for the aboriginals, involving a cultural safety liaison officer and language expert will be extremely helpful in overcoming the communication gap (Bourke et al. 2012). The second component of the strategy must take into consideration the absolute lack of health education in the aboriginals. It has to be understood in this context that there are a number of different government policies in place that provides primary health care services, immunization and maternity help to the aboriginal women and children without a cost, although most of the aboriginals have no knowledge of these benefits they are endowed. Hence in my opinion, the best strategy to be implemented in order to improve the health of the aboriginals is a promotional or awareness strategy that will help the aboriginal individuals be aware of the health statistics and benefits that the aboriginals are allowed by the government (Artuso et al. 2013). In my opinion, the lack of health literacy in the aboriginals is mostly due to the compromised education patterns observed in the aboriginals; hence the promotional strategies should involve informative seminars, workshops and campaigns involvi ng all the different age groups of aboriginal communities (AIHW 2017). However care should be taken that the information about preventative health care and healthy living is conveyed to the aborigines in a simple pattern that will be easy for the aboriginals to understand. The promotional component must also incorporate details like preventative health and hygiene, vaccination and immunization, primary health priorities and neonatal care. Lastly, the strategy will also need to integrate the aspect of the discrimination in the health care staff that is reflected onto the experience that the aboriginals receive. Hence it is imperative for change to be incorporated into the outlook of the health care providers to the indigenous communities (Artuso et al. 2013). This goal of the strategy can be achieved through extensive motivational training and leadership development. On a concluding note, it can be stated that the there are a myriad of health care disparities for the residents of aboriginal and Torres state Island, and these disparities are deep rooted and profoundly contribute to deteriorating health outcome for the aboriginals. However, with adequate strategic planning and actions the disparities can be reduced and if all the associated stakeholders contribute efforts the goal of NACHHO statement to provide adequate health and living standards to the aboriginals can be achieved. References: Abs.gov.au. (2017). Australian Bureau of Statistics, Australian Government. [online] Available at: https://www.abs.gov.au [Accessed 11 Oct. 2017]. www.abs.gov.au Artuso, S., Cargo, M., Brown, A. and Daniel, M., 2013. Factors influencing health care utilisation among Aboriginal cardiac patients in central Australia: a qualitative study.BMC Health Services Research,13(1), p.83. https://bmchealthservres.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/1472-6963-13-83 Australian Institute of Health and Welfare. (2017). Home. [online] Available at: https://www.aihw.gov.au [Accessed 11 Oct. 2017]. https://www.aihw.gov.au Barclay, L., Kruske, S., Bar-Zeev, S., Steenkamp, M., Josif, C., Narjic, C.W., Wardaguga, M., Belton, S., Gao, Y., Dunbar, T. and Kildea, S., 2014. Improving Aboriginal maternal and infant health services in the Top Endof Australia; synthesis of the findings of a health services research program aimed at engaging stakeholders, developing research capacity and embedding change.BMC health services research,14(1), p.241. Bourke, L., Humphreys, J.S., Wakerman, J. and Taylor, J., 2012. Understanding rural and remote health: a framework for analysis in Australia.Health Place,18(3), pp.496-503. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22418016 Britt, H., Miller, G.C., Henderson, J., Bayram, C., Valenti, L., Harrison, C., Charles, J., Pan, Y., Zhang, C., Pollack, A.J. and O'Halloran, J., 2013.General Practice Activity in Australia 2012-13: BEACH: Bettering the Evaluation and Care of Health(No. 33). Sydney University Press. link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s12875-014-0186-5 Guy, R., Ward, J.S., Smith, K.S., Su, J.Y., Huang, R.L., Tangey, A., Skov, S., Rumbold, A., Silver, B., Donovan, B. and Kaldor, J.M., 2012. The impact of sexually transmissible infection programs in remote Aboriginal communities in Australia: a systematic review.Sexual health,9(3), pp.205-212. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22697136 Kelaher, M., Sabanovic, H., La Brooy, C., Lock, M., Lusher, D. and Brown, L., 2014. Does more equitable governance lead to more equitable health care? A case study based on the implementation of health reform in Aboriginal health Australia.Social Science Medicine,123, pp.278-286. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0277953614004614 Mitrou, F., Cooke, M., Lawrence, D., Povah, D., Mobilia, E., Guimond, E. and Zubrick, S.R., 2014. Gaps in Indigenous disadvantage not closing: a census cohort study of social determinants of health in Australia, Canada, and New Zealand from 19812006.BMC Public Health,14(1), p.201. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24568143 Naccho.org. (2017). NACCHO. [online] Available at: https://www.naccho.org [Accessed 9 Oct. 2017]. www.naccho.org Oliver, S.J., 2013. The role of traditional medicine practice in primary health care within Aboriginal Australia: a review of the literature.Journal of ethnobiology and ethnomedicine,9(1), p.46. https://ethnobiomed.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/1746-4269-9-4 Sherwood, J., 2013. ColonisationIts bad for your health: The context of Aboriginal health.Contemporary nurse,46(1), pp.28-40. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24716759 References:

Consumer Behaviour Theory

Question: Discuss about the consumer behaviour theory and the consumer buying behaviour process? Answer: Introduction There are millions of people who dwell on this earth. Each of the people is different from one another in all the respect. It is hard to believe that that each people are guided by their inner instincts when they perform a particular task. It is seen that the people consume when they need and for that they make purchases (Blythe, 2008). The purpose of this paper is to identify the behaviour of the people when they make the purchase decision. It is important to identify what are the factors that drive a person to make a purchase decision (Ang, n.d.). Each and every person makes a purchase decision or purchases based on certain instincts that are internal or external to the person. There are certain aspects that a person considers before he makes a purchase decision. Thus this paper will discuss how individual are influenced while they make purchasing decision, the segmentation in which the individual falls and the process by which the individual passes while they decide upon the purchase. Background As it was said that each people have different purchasing decision and they are guided by the segment in which they fall. The market segment in which the people falls have an influence on how and at what rate the person makes a purchase and the type of products he buys also depends on that. It needs to be seen that the tendency of a person is to consume goods and the services and that it extends beyond the age of the people. It also extends beyond the income as well as education of the people. Energy, intellectualism, self-confidence, innovativeness, novelty seeking, impulsiveness, vanity, and leadership play a critical role (Bruns, Scholderer and Grunert, 2004). According to the VALS segments there are eight segments of classification of the people. These segments are based on the motivation of the people and the resources of the people. According to the VALS the eight types of segment are innovators, thinkers, achievers, experiencers, believers, strivers, makers, and survivors (Bruns, Scholderer and Grunert, 2004). As it was identified earlier, there are certain categories of people who purchase due to the influence of other, or may be due to the motivation that one derives from within or due to need to the people. There are people who buy for showing off to others. Likewise I have a low involvement for the products that I buy since it can be said that I do not inspect much about the products, and thus often find that I have made the wrong purchase. Since I mainly purchase goods and products that are not very high priced (Cahill, 2006). There are cases when I make the purchase base on the fashion that is prevailing in the market, or the fashion that is very trendy and now being followed by all the people. I mainly purchase products that are needed by me which are from the motivation that I derive from others. In many cases I am influenced by others while I make a purchase decision as because if I like the products that some of my friend have or it is possessed by my relatives, I often tend to b uy those products. Thus it can be said that the purchase that I make are mainly a combination of the decision taken by me and the influence of others as well as the current trends in fashion. It needs to be seen that every time I purchase I do not behave I the same manner. It is in a sense good since all the time that I purchase it is not possible that people will have the same level of need and the motivation. Rather I am guided by some motivation or influences that I get from others or may be sometimes I decide on my own what to purchase (Chantara, Koul and Kaewkuekool, 2014). The consumer buying behaviour process Consumers make many buying decisions every day. Before purchasing the consumer passes through a lot of stages to reach a buying decision, starting with:- Need Recognition Information Search Evaluation of alternatives Buying Decisions Post-Purchase Behaviour/ Evaluation The buying process that I mostly follow can be summarised as follows.1. Need Recognition is the phase where the consumers feel the need to possess a new product (Clarke, 2001). The need does not occur to me as frequently since I have the things that I need mostly from my family. Some of the need that arises are due to the ongoing fashion trends or the immediate need for some goods. The needs are often in my case are triggered due to the liking of a product that somebody else possess.2. Information Search is not something that I religiously follow since the products that I buy are not very high priced and that does not require that much information search. (Consumer Behaviour, 2015). But there are times when I look for the price of t he product before buying since I tend to tally the price from different stores and the price that are offered on the online portals like the flipkart and ebay.3. Evaluation of Alternatives are something that I do (Fraj and Martinez, 2006). When I go to a store for the purchase of any product I like to see different types of products that are on the display. Even if I buy form online I tend to look at the different products. It is because I like to compare the prices of the products.4. Buying Decisions are made by me then as and when the products are liked by me. If I dont like the products I do not buy the product and make sure that the products can be returned to the store if there are any disputes in the products. Often it is seen that I make the purchase decision without even verifying the products since I give very less time during the buying process5. Post-Purchase behaviour happens after the purchase of the products. I do not regret much about the product that I buy as because the products are cheap and are according to my needs. Though at times there are some faults in the products since I do not get involved at the time of buying and thus there are at times that I feel that I have been cheated and I am given a low quality of the product. But mostly it can be said that I am satisfied with the product that I buy. It can be seen that I follow the above mentioned buying process during the purchase of goods which can include electronic gadgets, clothes as well as services that are provided to the people. Before buying the need for the product must arise in order to consider the buying of that product. It needs to be seen that this process is followed by me during the purchase of goods which are expensive, since I have a lot of attachment to the goods while I buy those goods. Thus it is seen that the people while buying expensive goods like electronic goods, car, and jewellery tend to be more attached to the goods and the buying process. While purchasing goods that are low priced I do not get attached with the product or the purchasing process (Virmani, 2013). The evaluation of the alternatives is essential when buying a luxurious product as the comparing of more than two products will allow us to choose the better among the options. More over I look for the products which will offer after sale s ervices and warranties so that I can remain hassle free if the product is damaged. These are some of the factors that guide me when I purchase the expensive products. The VALS segment which I can relate to It was discussed earlier that an individual can be in any one of the segment of the lifestyle. There are six segment based on the purchasing style of the people. They are Innovators Thinkers Achievers Experiencers Believers Strivers Makers Survivors Experiencers I think that I am in accordance with category of Experiencers as they are motivated by self-expression. As young, enthusiastic, and impulsive consumers, Experiencers quickly become enthusiastic about new possibilities but are equally quick to cool (Lin and Lin, 2015). I tend to make purchase based on the current trends that are prevailing in the market. I buy random stuffs often influenced by my friends or family. They seek variety as well as excitement, savouring the new, the offbeat, and the risky. Their energy finds an outlet in exercise, sports, outdoor recreation, and social activities thus it can be said that I find relevance to this group since I am influenced by the purchases that are made by my friends and family. Experiencers are avid consumers and spend a comparatively high proportion of their income on fashion, entertainment, and socializing. Their purchases reflect the emphasis they place on looking good and having "cool" stuff (VALS Segmentation, 2015). Thus for the low priced goods and products I tend to make purchase based on the current trends that are prevailing in the market. I buy random stuffs often influenced by my friends or family. Often it happens that I like a product while passing by the shop, if I can afford it I purchase the product. Here it needs to be seen that in order to purchase, an individual needs to have the capacity to purchase. Thus the capacity to purchase is an important criterion in order to make a purchase decision (VALS Segmentation, 2015). Reference group Reference group plays an important role in the purchase decision of an individual. There are many reference groups that influence a person. Reference group can be the family, the friends, and even the organisation or the working place of an individual (Leguizamon, 2010). Reference groups furnish points of comparison by which one can evaluate attitudes and behavior (Adhikari and Rao, 2012). An individual can be a member of a reference group such as the family and would be said to be part of a membership group. The same individual may aspire to belong to a cricket club and would be said to be a part of an aspiration group. A disclaimant group is one to which an individual may belong or join and then reject the groups value. An individual may also regard the membership in a specific group as something undesirable and to be avoided. Such a group is called dissociative group (Dr. N. Kathirvel and P.VIMALAGRACY, 2011). As it is seen that the reference group has a influence on the buying decision of me also. I am influenced by the way my family and the friends buy. There are peer groups that are the reference group in my case. I am attracted by the way my friends dress and most of those are followed by me. Apart from the current trends like those that are worn by the sports person and the film stars are also my reference points and I tend to make purchase decision based on the style statement that they follow and more over one more thing that can be said about me is that I constantly change the reference group as I am very choosy and often my mind changes with time. Self concept (self image) theory Self concept theory is viewed as most relevant and a popular approach for the marketers as it focuses on how the self image of the individual consumers influences the purchase behaviour. Self concept is defined as the totality of the individuals thought and the feelings having reference to herself or himself as an object. It is seen that each and every people have self concept. Every individual sees himself or herself as having certain attributes and qualities and values them. According to one popular model proposed by M. Joseph Sergy, there are four specific types of self images (UDAYASHANKAR and MURALIDHARAN, 2012). According to the self images the things that the consumers buy are a reflection of what they think and who they believe they are. This represents their actual self, what they would like to be is their ideal self, how feel other see them is their social self and how they would like others to see them is their ideal social self. It was identified by the researchers that t here is one more social image that is the expected self. This means that how the consumers wish to see themselves in the near future (Noel, 2009). It can be said I am more of person who likes to dress according to the latest trends and posses the latest goods that are in the fashion. I like the people to think that I am very modern and know the sense of fashion. I want to maintain this in the future also since I like being this way and there are chances that in the future I might become rational in terms of buying and tend to associate or get involved wit t he products that I buy and take good look at the products. In the future I would like to posses product and goods that will highlight the my status and purchase those that will make the people think that I am a status conscious people. Though it can be said that now I am mostly influenced by the things that are attractive and in demand. The main motive of the people is to make them presentable so that they are appreciated in the society. (Thompson and Prendergast, 2015). It is seen that the individual are more driven by the characteristics, desire, personal goals which are separate from each other (Chen, 2012). Thus the independent self concept theory suggests that the individual are more autonomous, egocentric, self reliant and self contained. Their definition of themselves focuses on what they have done and what they possess as well as their personal traits that often makes the difference from the other individuals (Wood, 2005). This theory has guided me in the purchasing decision. The ideal self within me has been guiding me for making all the decisions that I have taken so far (Shiau and Wu, 2013). It is how I perceive myself to be and how I want to see myself. My inner self has been acting as guidance for me to make the purchase decision and in turn allows me to be comfortable among my friends, family, and the society at large. It is essential for me to look good and posses the goods that will highlight my self-image in the society and among the groups that I associate with. (Sahney, 2015). Conclusion Despite what people thinks, it is necessary to understand that the advertisement also plays an important role in the purchasing decision of an individual. It is seen that an advertisement can create a need among the consumers and at the same time it is seen that no matter how much advertisement is given it will not make the consumer buy the product if he or she has no need for that product (Solomon, 2006). In my opinion it is necessary for the marketers to market the products according to the needs of the people and highlight those features that will attract the consumers to own the product. It can be out of the snob appeal that they feel or the inner desire to own the product or due to the influence of others. Thus I personally would prefer that the products are innovative as well as attractive so that it attracts my attention and I end up buying the products (Finkelstein, 2007). My purchasing power depends on the way I think and feel about the fashion that is in trend nowadays. I a m, very trendy and follow the current trend very religiously. I keep it in mind that the trends that I am following are according to my features and they are complementing me. I wear what looks good on me and I am very fashionable. Apart from the clothes the other things that I buy are mostly influenced by the decision taken by me and my family jointly. Sometimes the decision are based on the products that my friend buy and it happens that I like the product so much that I make the decision to buy the product (Hermans and Gieser, 2012). Bibliography Blythe, J. (2008).Consumer behaviour. London: Thomson Learning. It is important as I am able to learn about the process of decision making that the consumer needs to do un order to purchase the products. Bruns, K., Scholderer, J. and Grunert, K. (2004). Closing the gap between values and behaviora meansend theory of lifestyle.Journal of Business Research, 57(6), pp.665-670. It gave me the understanding as to how the values of the people affect the behavior of the people and thus affect the purchasing decision of the people. Leguizamon, S. (2010). The Influence of Reference Group House Size on House Price.Real Estate Economics, 38(3), pp.507-527. The influence of the reference group on the individual and the consumer are important to know. I was able to find out the reference group that influences my purchasing decision. VALS Segmentation. (2015). 1st ed. [ebook] Available at: https://www.strategicbusinessinsights.com/vals/free/2010-06-VALSbrochure.pdf [Accessed 20 Apr. 2015]. The study of the VALS segmentation was helpful for me as I was able to identify the segmentation in which I belong and how it affects my purchasing behavior. References Adhikari, A. and Rao, A. (2012). Individual Preference and Bargaining Behavior in Families' Buying Decisions of Restaurant Service.Cornell Hospitality Quarterly, 54(3), pp.248-261. Ang, E. (n.d.). Consumer Behaviour.SSRN Journal. Blythe, J. (2008).Consumer behaviour. London: Thomson Learning. Cahill, D. (2006).Lifestyle market segmentation. New York: Haworth Press. Chantara, S., Koul, R. and Kaewkuekool, S. (2014). Relationship between lifestyle values and achievement goal orientation among vocational students in Thailand.Journal of Beliefs Values, 35(1), pp.36-47. Chen, H. (2012). The Influence of Perceived Value and Trust on Online Buying Intention.JCP, 7(7). Clarke, G. (2001). Confirming satisfaction as an attitude within the service-buying process.Journal of Consumer Behaviour, 1(2), pp.111-123. Consumer Behaviour. (2015). 1st ed. [ebook] Available at: https://www.newagepublishers.com/samplechapter/000160.pdf [Accessed 20 Apr. 2015]. Dr. N. Kathirvel, D. and P.VIMALAGRACY, P. (2011). Factors Affecting The Buying Behaviour and Buying Preferences of Individual House Owners.IJAR, 4(5), pp.88-90. Finkelstein, J. (2007).The art of self invention. London: I.B. Tauris. Fraj, E. and Martinez, E. (2006). Influence of personality on ecological consumer behaviour.Journal of Consumer Behaviour, 5(3), pp.167-181. Hermans, H. and Gieser, T. (2012).Handbook of dialogical self theory. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Jaakkola, E. (2007). Purchase decision-making within professional consumer services: Organizational or consumer buying behaviour?.Marketing Theory, 7(1), pp.93-108. Leguizamon, S. (2010). The Influence of Reference Group House Size on House Price.Real Estate Economics, 38(3), pp.507-527. Lin, Y. and Lin, H. (2015). The Benefits and Values of Green Lifestyle Consumers.IJMS, 7(1). N.UDAYASHANKAR, N. and DR. K. MURALIDHARAN, D. (2012). A Study on Lifestyle, Religious Values and Value Conflict Among the Working Population in Coimbatore District.Global Journal For Research Analysis, 3(1), pp.163-165. Noel, H. (2009).Consumer behaviour. Lausanne, Switzerland: AVA Academia. Sahney, S. (2015).CONSUMER BEHAVIOR. 1st ed. [ebook] Available at: https://nptel.ac.in/courses/110105029/pdf%20sahany/Module-1-1.pdf [Accessed 20 Apr. 2015]. Shiau, W. and Wu, H. (2013). Using Curiosity and Group-buying Navigation to Explore the Influence of Perceived hedonic Value, Attitude, and Group-buying Behavioral Intention.Journal of Software, 8(9). Solomon, M. (2006).Consumer behaviour. Harlow, England: Financial Times/Prentice Hall. Thompson, E. and Prendergast, G. (2015). The influence of trait affect and the five-factor personality model on impulse buying.Personality and Individual Differences, 76, pp.216-221. VALS Segmentation. (2015). 1st ed. [ebook] Available at: https://www.strategicbusinessinsights.com/vals/free/2010-06-VALSbrochure.pdf [Accessed 20 Apr. 2015]. VALS Sementation. (2015). 1st ed. [ebook] Available at: https://www.d.umn.edu/~rvaidyan/mktg4731/VALSFramework2002-09.pdf [Accessed 20 Apr. 2015]. Virmani, M. (2013). Modeling Buying Pattern in Emerging Indian Urban Families.JSR, 4(1). Winston, W. and Cahill, D. (2012).Internal Marketing. Hoboken: Taylor and Francis. Zeb, H., Rashid, K. and Javeed, M. (2011). Influence of Brands on Female Consumer's Buying Behavior in Pakistan.International Journal of Trade, Economics and Finance, pp.225-231.